Thyroid Disease in Dogs: Causes, Signs, and Treatments

Did you know that thyroid disease is common in dogs and affects 1 in every 100 dogs? The thyroid gland produces hormones that control the body’s metabolic rate and affect many functions in the body like heart function, digestion, muscle control, temperature regulation, etc. The thyroid disease occurs when the gland produces too much or too little thyroid.

Most commonly, dogs get hypothyroidism which means their gland is underactive and produces insufficient thyroid hormones. This can make them gain weight even if they eat normally and they may become lethargic or seem less playful. The good news is that hypothyroidism is usually manageable with daily medication. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment options of thyroid disease in dogs. It also highlights how opting for pet insurance from Bajaj General Insurance can provide the necessary financial support for treatment of this disease.

Causes of Thyroid Disease in Dogs

Thyroid problems in dogs can be caused by different reasons, and it depends on whether the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism).

Hypothyroidism

The main reason for hypothyroidism is when the dog’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland by mistake. This is also called autoimmune thyroiditis. It can cause inflammation and damage the thyroid tissue. Another cause is thyroid atrophy, where the gland tissue just shrinks and gets replaced by fat for no clear reason. Some dog breeds like Golden Retrievers, Dobermans, and Cocker Spaniels are more likely to get the disease. And sometimes, in rare cases, previous medical treatments may also damage the thyroid.

Hyperthyroidism

This type of disorder is less common in dogs. Hyperthyroidism is usually caused by a tumour, and the abnormal growth makes the gland produce too many hormones. Sometimes, if a dog with hypothyroidism is given too much medicine, it can result in a temporary hyperthyroid state.

In short, the immune system, genetics, tissue damage, or a tumour can result in thyroid disease in dogs.

How Is Thyroid Disease Diagnosed in Dogs?

To diagnose thyroid disease in dogs, the veterinary doctor will:

• Examine physically – The vet will check your dog’s weight, coat condition, skin, heart rate, and overall energy levels. Sometimes these signs give the first clue.
• Advise a basic blood test (T4 & T3 levels) – This shows if the thyroid hormones are too low (hypothyroidism) or too high (hyperthyroidism).
• Prescribe more accurate tests if needed – A TSH stimulation test will give a clearer picture because regular blood tests can sometimes be misleading.
• Prescribe extra checks for tumours – If the vet thinks there might be a thyroid growth, they could do an ultrasound of the neck or even a biopsy.

Symptoms of Thyroid Disease in Dogs

Thyroid disease can show up in many ways, and pet parents don’t realise it at first because symptoms slowly creep in.

Hypothyroidism

If your dog has developed hypothyroidism, you will notice that it will not have the same level of energy as before. It may feel tired, sleepy, or lazy and may prefer to nap instead of going for long walks. You will also notice that your dog is gaining extra weight even though there is no change in the diet. Also, the coat or fur may lose its shine or become thin. The coat may fall in patches on the tail or trunk, and the skin may become dry and flaky. Dogs with low thyroid may tend to catch cold easily and may prefer to snuggle in blankets. Another common symptom is recurring ear infections or skin problems because the immune system has become weak.

Hyperthyroidism

In hyperthyroidism, your dog may become restless and hyperactive. It may eat more but may still lose weight. The water intake may increase excessively and they may pee more often. This may be frustrating for pet parents. The heart rate may increase in hyperthyroidism and may put a strain on the heart.

The tricky part of these symptoms is that these do not show all at once and may take weeks or months to build up. Hence, pet parents may feel that, “These changes in my dog are because my dog is getting older.”

However, if you notice any change in the dog’s energy, appetite, weight, or skin, get the thyroid blood test done.

Treatment Options for Thyroid Disease in Dogs

Once you start treating your dog for thyroid disease, the symptoms may take a few months to resolve. But you will notice improvements in their energy within just a few weeks.

Hypothyroidism

In case of hypothyroidism, the veterinary doctor will prescribe a thyroid hormone pill, levothyroxine. Your dog will need to take it daily for a few months. Most pet parents usually mix it in food or hide it as a treat. In the initial months, your vet will check your dog’s blood levels regularly to adjust the dose. Later, the check is every 6-12 months. Slowly, you will notice that your dog is getting back the energy, losing the extra weight that is gained, and the coat is improving.

Hyperthyroidism

If hyperthyroidism is due to a tumour, the veterinary doctor may perform surgery to remove it. The vet may also prescribe radiation therapy to shrink the tumour or destroy it. If hyperthyroidism is due to an overdose of hypothyroidism medication, the solution is to stop or reduce the medication till things balance out.

As a pet parent, ensure to give medicines at the right time as missing doses can impact the efficacy of the treatment. It will lessen the impact of all the efforts you have been taking. You should also visit vets regularly to make sure the dose is right and your dog is responding well. With the right treatment, your dog will bounce back beautifully.

Conclusion

Untreated thyroid disease in dogs can shorten their lifespan as every organ in their body is affected. It can lead to high cholesterol, slow heart rate, and a weak immune system. But do not worry, with the right medication, you can manage the symptoms. But since the symptoms appear gradually, stay alert to any changes you may notice in your dog’s appetite, coat, or energy level. With the right care and treatment, your dog will still be able to live a healthy and happy life. To make things easier financially, having a pet insurance plan from Bajaj General Insurance can ensure your furry friend gets the best possible care without extra stress.

FAQs

1. What are the early signs of thyroid disease in dogs?

Early signs of thyroid disease in dogs include weight changes, lethargy, coat thinning, and changes in appetite or behaviour.

2. How is thyroid disease in dogs treated?

Hypothyroidism is treated with lifelong hormone replacement medication, while hyperthyroidism may require surgery, medication, or radioactive iodine therapy.

3. Can thyroid disease in dogs be cured?

Hypothyroidism can be managed but not cured. Hyperthyroidism caused by tumours can sometimes be cured if the tumour is successfully removed.

4. Are certain dog breeds more prone to thyroid disease?

Yes, breeds like Golden Retrievers, Dobermans, and Cocker Spaniels are more susceptible to hypothyroidism.

5. Does pet insurance cover thyroid disease treatments?

With the right pet insurance plan, such as Bajaj General Pet Dog Insurance, many costs related to diagnosis, medication, and treatment can be covered.

*Standard T&C apply

**Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms, and conditions, please read the sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale.

***Disclaimer: The content on this page is generic and shared only for informational and explanatory purposes. It is based on several secondary sources on the internet and is subject to changes. Please consult an expert before making any related decisions.