What is Power Steering? Types, Benefits & Maintenance Tips

Power steering is a useful feature found in most modern cars. It helps the driver turn the steering wheel with a lot less effort. Furthermore, it also makes parking in tight spots and city driving much more comfortable. Read on to know about the working of power steering in cars, its types, benefits, and maintenance.

What is Power Steering in Cars?

Power steering is a system that reduces the effort needed to turn a car's wheels. When the driver turns the steering wheel, a valve or sensor detects it, and pressurized fluid or an electric motor adds extra force. It was first offered in passenger cars as early as 1951.

What are the Types of Power Steering?

Passenger cars mainly use three types of power steering:

Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)

This is the oldest of the three. The engine runs a pump with the help of a belt, and this pump keeps an oil-based fluid under pressure. Once the driver starts turning, the fluid is directed towards the steering rack to push the wheels.

Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS)

This is a combination of both systems. The fluid is still there, but an electric motor runs the pump in place of the engine. As such, the engine does not get burdened as much.

Electric Power Steering (EPS)

In EPS, there is no pump or fluid at all. A torque sensor in the steering column checks the force applied by the driver, based on which a small computer tells the electric motor how much to assist. In a lot of cars, the help also depends on speed, so the steering is very light at the time of parking and heavier on highways.

Also Read: How Car Steering Works: Types, Mechanism & Maintenance Tips

Electric Power Steering vs Hydraulic Power Steering: Key Differences

When it comes to electric power steering vs hydraulic power steering, the biggest difference lies in the use of power. A hydraulic steering pump keeps taking power from the engine as long as the car is running, even on a straight road. This is not the case with EPS, which draws current mostly while steering and is said to be better for fuel efficiency. Additionally, only hydraulic steering needs fluid top-ups.

What are the Benefits of Power Steering?

1. One does not need much arm strength for parking or taking a U-turn in a narrow lane.
2. After a long drive or office commute, the driver does not feel as tired.
3. Even a small turn of the wheel gets a quick response, which helps on hairpin bends.
4. EPS also makes it possible to add features such as lane-keeping assist.

Power Steering Maintenance Tips

Keep an Eye on the Fluid and Belt

In cars with hydraulic power steering, the fluid level must be checked as per the owner's manual. It is recommended to use only the fluid which the carmaker mentions. Look out for a worn belt or leaking hoses too, as both can reduce the assistance.

Do Not Hold the Wheel at Full Lock

Holding the steering at full lock, for instance while waiting for a U-turn at a signal, is a habit which one must avoid, as it puts extra load on the pump or motor.

Check Tyre Pressure and Alignment

When the tyres are under-inflated, the steering becomes heavy. If the car pulls to one side after hitting potholes or speed breakers, get the wheel alignment checked.

Watch Out for Warning Signs

A stiff wheel, a whining sound on turning or drops of fluid on the parking spot are all signs of trouble, as is a warning light. In such a case, it is advisable to visit an authorised service centre at the earliest.

Even a well-maintained car can meet with an accident. Hence, you can buy car insurance online from Bajaj General Insurance, which offers cover against accidental damage as per policy terms and conditions, along with access to 10,000+ cashless garages. Get a quote today!

Also Read: Solving the Mystery of Hard and Stiff Car Steering Wheels

Final Words

As you can tell by now, power steering has made driving much less tiring, as long as it gets regular care. Furthermore, a comprehensive car insurance policy can help with the repair bills after an accident, subject to policy terms and conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I still drive if my power steering fails?

If the power steering fails, the car can still be steered in conventional systems, as the steering remains mechanically linked to the wheels. However, it will feel very heavy, so bring the car to a halt at a safe spot and get it checked.

Does electric power steering need maintenance?

Electric power steering needs less maintenance than hydraulic steering, as there is no fluid. However, it does depend on the battery, wiring and sensors, so get it checked if the steering warning light comes on.

Does car insurance cover power steering repairs?

Whether these repairs are covered or not depends on the cause. For instance, damage to the steering in a collision may be covered under a comprehensive policy, as per policy terms and conditions. Breakdowns which are mechanical or electrical in nature and normal wear and tear, however, are generally not covered.

*Standard T&C apply. Disclaimer: The content on this page is generic and shared only for informational and explanatory purposes. It is based on several secondary sources on the internet and is subject to change. Please consult an expert before making any related decisions. Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms, and conditions, please read the sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale.