8 Common Eye Conditions in Dogs

This is an interesting fact: In dogs, the eyes are placed more to the sides of their heads than ours, so dogs can see around 250 degrees, while humans see about 180 degrees. (Source: Belmont eye center). Also, they have a special reflective layer behind their retina, which helps them see in low light.

However, certain eye conditions may cause dog eye problems that may affect the vision of your fur baby. To avoid this, you must be aware of the common eye conditions in dogs. Also, remember to purchase a pet insurance policy from Bajaj General Insurance to protect the well-being of your dog.

What Are the Common Dog Eye Problems?

Dog eye problems are conditions or diseases caused due to a variety of reasons. If you find these symptoms in your dog, immediately consult your vet.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye. It is a frequently observed issue in dogs and can result from bacterial or viral infections, allergies to pollen or smoke, foreign bodies, or underlying conditions like dry eye.

Symptoms: redness, swelling, eye discharge (ranging from clear to yellow or green), squinting, and frequent pawing at the eyes.

Treatment: use medicated eye drops, antibiotics, or anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by a veterinarian. In case of allergy related cases, antihistamines are used. This condition is contagious, so limit contact with your dog and practice good hand hygiene.

Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)

Dry eye occurs when the tear glands fail to produce sufficient tears. It is necessary to treat the condition as a priority. If the condition is not treated, it can lead to chronic irritation, recurrent conjunctivitis, and potential corneal damage or blindness.

This condition may be caused when the dog’s immune system attacks its own tear glands. Thus, it is immune-mediated, and is more common in breeds like West Highland Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

Symptoms: The eyes look dull and red and frequently discharge mucus.

Treatment: using artificial tears and medications like cyclosporine or tacrolimus so that the process of tear production is stimulated. A surgical procedure may need to be performed if the condition is severe, where the salivary duct is redirected to the eye.

Corneal Ulcers

Corneal ulcers are painful sores on the cornea. The causes are trauma, chemical burns, infections, or underlying diseases like diabetes or Cushing’s disease.

Symptoms: squinting, excessive tears, redness, cloudiness of the eye, and sensitivity to light. To prevent your dog from rubbing its eyes, use an Elizabethan collar.

Treatment: The untreated ulcers can deepen and lead to eye rupture or blindness. So, consult your vet who may prescribe antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) as a result of poor drainage of fluid within the eye. It can damage the optic nerve and lead to irreversible blindness. It can also be caused by tumours or congenital defects.

Symptoms: pain, redness, swelling in the eyes, dilated pupils, and behavioural changes like lethargy or irritability.

Treatment: Veterinary doctor may prescribe medications like carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or beta-blockers. Sometimes, a surgery to drain fluid or remove the eye may be necessary to relieve pain.

Cataracts

Cataracts in eyes lead to clouding of the eye’s lens, and this condition impairs vision and may lead to blindness. They may be hereditary in breeds like Poodles, Siberian Huskies, and Boston Terriers. But it can also be caused by diabetes, aging, or trauma.

Symptoms: In the pupil area, a milky circle may appear. Your dog may become clumsy and find it hard to walk in low light.

Treatment: The cataract needs to be removed surgically. Surgery needs to be performed early to restore vision. Also, do not feed your dog with excess sugar to control the cataract progression.

Cherry Eye

Cherry eye in dogs is a condition where the nictitans gland which are a part of the third eyelid, pop out from its normal position. It is common in breeds like Bulldogs, Beagles, and Shih Tzus. Cherry eye may slowly lead to dry eye if not treated.

Symptoms: It creates a red, fleshy mass like a cherry in the inner corner of the eye.

Treatment: Surgical repositioning of the gland may be done to tuck the gland back into place.

Entropion

Entropion is a genetic condition where the eyelid rolls inward. It causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea. It may lead to pain and ulcers. It is prevalent in breeds like Shar Peis, Rottweilers, and Great Danes.

Symptoms: squinting, tearing, and corneal cloudiness.

Treatment: Surgical correction is required to reposition the eyelid and prevent long-term damage.

Uveitis

The uvea is the middle layer of the eye containing the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea. It can be caused by infections or diseases.

Symptoms: red, bloodshot eyes, light sensitivity, cloudiness, and pain. Dogs may become less active and avoid bright environments.

Treatment: Vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory eye drops to manage the pain. Without treatment, uveitis can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, or blindness.

How to Prevent Dog Eye Problems?

Dog eye problems can be prevented by following these simple practices:

• Take your dog to the veterinary doctor at least once a year to check for any ocular conditions, as early detection will help to prevent any serious eye condition.
• Clean the area around your dog’s eyes regularly with a damp, wet cloth. Infections may be caused due to the accumulation of debris, so remove it regularly. Also, if your dog has long hair, trim the hair around the eye so that it does not cause irritation.
• Provide your dog with nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and lutein. Thus, the diet needs to be balanced and rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients.
• Environmental pollutants can harm your dog’s eyes. So protect it from dust, smoke, and chemicals. Ensure that there are no sharp objects around that may cause harm to its eyes.
• Medications like antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, can reduce tear production as a side effect. So, if you come across any eye symptoms mentioned above, inform your vet.

Conclusion

The common dog eye problems may affect the vision and well-being of your dog. If you find any of the symptoms of these eye conditions, do not delay scheduling an appointment with your vet.

However, with rising vet and surgery costs, a pet insurance policy from Bajaj General Insurance will help you to focus on the treatment of your furry baby, and not worry about the finances.

FAQs

1. What are the signs of eye problems in dogs?

If your dog has red eyes, discharge, swelling, or keeps rubbing its eyes, it may have an eye problem.

2. Can dog eye infections go away on their own?

No, dog infections may not go on their own. On the contrary, it may worsen without proper treatment.

3. How can I clean my dog’s eyes safely?

Use a soft, clean cloth dipped in warm water to gently wipe around the eyes. Don’t use soap or human eye drops.

4. Why does my dog’s eye look cloudy?

Cloudy eyes may mean cataracts or an infection. A vet should check it immediately.

5. Can dog eye problems lead to blindness?

Yes, some conditions like glaucoma or ulcers can cause blindness if they are not treated early.

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***Disclaimer: The content on this page is generic and shared only for informational and explanatory purposes. It is based on several secondary sources on the internet and is subject to changes. Please consult an expert before making any related decisions.